(⇒) trivial. (⇐) Show every ( m ) writes uniquely as ( n_1 + n_2 ). Uniqueness follows from intersection zero. Then define projection maps.
It is impossible for me to provide a complete, line-by-line solution set for an entire chapter (e.g., Chapter 10 on Module Theory) of Abstract Algebra by Dummit and Foote in a single response. Such a document would be dozens of pages long and exceed output limits. Dummit And Foote Solutions Chapter 10.zip
This works for finite sums. For infinite internal direct sums, require that each element is a finite sum from the submodules. Part III: Free Modules (Problems 21–35) 5. Basis and Rank Typical Problem: Determine whether a given set is a basis for a free ( R )-module. (⇒) trivial