Written in 1645, days before his death, Miyamoto Musashi’s Dokkōdō (獨行道) is a 21-precept document outlining a stoic, ascetic code for personal conduct. Unlike his more technical Go Rin No Sho (Book of Five Rings), the Dokkōdō focuses on psychological detachment and ethical minimalism. This paper analyzes the historical context of Musashi’s final years, provides a direct English translation, and discusses the precepts’ philosophical roots in Zen Buddhism and Shinto.

Precept 8 (“Never let yourself be saddened by a separation”) and Precept 10 (“Do not let yourself be guided by lust or love”) appear cold to modern readers. However, in the context of a rōnin (masterless samurai) in the 17th century, emotional bonds were seen as vulnerabilities. This is not misogyny but strategic emotional asceticism.

Precept 19 (“Respect Buddha and the gods without counting on their help”) rejects magical thinking. Musashi believes in discipline, not divine intervention. Yet Precept 20 (“You may abandon your body but preserve your honor”) reintroduces a feudal value: social reputation and integrity are worth dying for. This is the bushidō contradiction—selfless detachment paired with absolute loyalty to one’s name.