Fault clears at angle ( \delta_c ). System stable if area ( A_1 ) (accelerating) = area ( A_2 ) (decelerating).
[ Z_pu,new = Z_pu,old \times \left( \fracV_base,oldV_base,new \right)^2 \times \left( \fracS_base,newS_base,old \right) ]
[ I_a1 = \fracV_fZ_1 + Z_2 + Z_0 + 3Z_f ] [ I_f = 3I_a1 ] power system analysis lecture notes ppt
neglected for overhead lines.
Slide 1: Title – Load Flow Analysis Slide 2: Bus types (Slack, PV, PQ) Slide 3: Y-bus formation example (3-bus system) Slide 4: Newton-Raphson algorithm flowchart Slide 5: Convergence criteria (|ΔP|,|ΔQ| < 0.001) Slide 6: Class exercise – 4-bus system Slide 7: Solution & interpretation (voltage profile) Fault clears at angle ( \delta_c )
[ \textpu value = \frac\textActual value\textBase value ]
Critical clearing angle ( \delta_c ) increases with higher inertia, faster fault clearing. 8. Conclusion & Summary Tables (PPT Final Module) Key formulas card: Slide 1: Title – Load Flow Analysis Slide
Derived bases: [ I_base = \fracS_base\sqrt3 V_base, \quad Z_base = \frac(V_base)^2S_base ]